Bespoke financing

Companies have a range of tools at their disposal for raising capital, because the reform has allowed for individual creativity in the preparation of strategies appropriate to varying market conditions.

Shares can be differentiated through reduced exposure to loss or increased chances of recovery. However, there is also room for non-voting shares, limited-voting shares or shares carrying voting rights linked to special circumstances or to specific achievements.

The variety and flexibility of financial securities allows profits to be shared among company employees or employees of controlled companies, through the issue of special categories of shares assigned individually to staff. Company employees or employees of controlled companies can also be given different securities carrying ownership rights or participating rights (not including voting rights).

Both bearer and registered bonds can be issued for no more than double the company´s share capital. This limit may be exceeded if additional bonds are subscribed by professional investors.