"Certified" contracts to avoid labour disputes

In the past, Italy suffered from excessive use of litigation in order to settle labour disputes. Therefore, the reform has made it possible for both employers and employees to request an estimate certification of the kind of services to be rendered, in order to avoid any later litigation. This certification is valid from a legal, administrative, insurance and tax point of view. The certificates can be issued by specific Certification Commissions established at bilateral organisations, the Provincial Labour Directorates, Provincial Governments and private and public universities.